Contemporary Indian Politics

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<< This syllabus was prepared for the undergraduate students of Sciences Po Paris (Le Havre campus) for the academic year 2017-18. The course outline is archived on Academia.edu.

Year 2017/2018, Fall semester

Lecturers: Jean-Thomas Martelli and Xavier Houdoy

Contacts: jeanthomas.martelli@sciencespo.fr; xavier.houdoy@sciencespo.fr

Paper Submission:jeanthomas.martelli.scpo@analyse.urkund.com; xavier.houdoy.scpo@analyse.urkund.com

Office Hours: By arrangement

Course description

This course aims at providing students with an introductory understanding of India’s remarkable political and social transformations since its independence in 1947. The country’s 70years journeyamidstadverse economic conditions has indeed constituted a unique moment in the adventure of a political idea: democracy.

The course will interrogate India’s democratic resilience as well as its secular and federal character while introducing some of the developments affecting it: the rise of Hindu nationalism, the practice of ‘muscle’ politics, the democratic disbelief of wealthy Indians and the disarray of India’s weaker sections – peasants, tribals, former untouchables etc.The course will attempt to make sense of the main cleavages of India’s society, whethersocial, religious, linguistic or gender-based. Through sustained interactions with the students, both instructors will highlight important historical milestones, questioning the long-lasting heritage of colonialism, the legacy and demise of India’s ruling party, the rise to power of lower castes, the consequences of economic liberalisation, the progressive urbanisation of the country, the emergence of a young middle class and the trajectory of marginalisation of Muslim and Christian communities.

While looking at how these deep rooted social realities shape the everyday life of Indians the course will also examine how the state engages with such issues, both at national andsubnational levels. Such endeavour will require contextualizing India’s public policy through providing a substantial account of challenges before it, rangingfrom developmental issues (crony capitalism, environmental degradations, raising inequalities)to secessionist and neighbouring security threats.We will see how social obstacles such as youth unemployment hampers the rising prospects of the world fastest-growing major economy.

The course will be divided into three distinct sections. Classes 1-4 will introduce India’s democratic foundations. They will enable the students to see how the study of a new geographical space can be problematised, and how India can help us renew the understanding we have of societies’ core notions. The second section (classes 5-7)will introduce the students to some of the long-lasting internal and external challenges India’s democracy has beenconfronted with since independence. Keeping these challenges in mind, classes 8-11 will focus more specifically on the profound structural transformations of India’s democracy since 1990s, while putting and emphasis on the contentions raised by some sections of civil society at grassroots levels – and resulting in the triggering of vocal and longstanding social movements.

Type of course

x Elective course

Language of instruction

x English

Prerequisites

The course requires no prerequisite knowledge about South Asia, but does imply a willingness to read the suggested material covering the various fields of political science, geography, sociology, history and economy. Students will be encouraged to interact with both lecturer and participate as much as possible during the class. In order to have a sense of India’s current affairs and debates, the frequent reading of newspapers and reviews is recommended. These include: The Indian Express; The Hindu; Economic and Political Weekly (“EPW”); Frontline; Seminar; Caravan, The Open Magazine. Several academic journals are worth mentioning: India Review; Contemporary South Asia; SAMAJ; Indian Survey; Studies in Indian Politics etc.

Pedagogical objectives

At the end of the course:

1°)Students will have solid introductory knowledge of India’s political and social realities. Students will have to read carefully one compulsory text (~10-30 pages) per session. A reader will be made available to the students at the beginning of the semester.

2°) Students will be able to frame a research question, identify the relevant literature in order to produce an academically sound research paper.

3°) Students will be able to use India as a case study in order to assess the validity and the limits of fundamental academic concepts of political science, political geography and political sociology.

Course grade system

To validate the course, each student will be evaluated on:

1°) A 20 minutes presentation that a group of two students is expected to make, starting from the third class. The presentation will include a brief press review on the topic approached in one of the sessions and is expected to formulate a research question. (40 percent of the final grade)

2°) Class attendance, participation and discussion of the readings. Students will be encouraged to interact with both lecturers and participate as much as possible during the class. (20 percent)

3°) A written essay (4,000-6,000 words). Students will answer the research question outlined in the presentation; the topic will be chosen with the advice and consent of the lecturers. (40 percent)

Detailed outline

Session 1: Introduction. Problematising India: historical perspectives and debates on India’s democracy in social sciences.

Session 2: Methodological considerations: How to write a research paper? What makes a good and researchable question for a dissertation? How to review literature and choose appropriate research methods? Some precautions to avoid research biases: issues of eurocentrism, orientalism and concepts definition.

Session 3: Discussing the pillars of Indian democracy: the colonial legacy, federalism and state-level democracy. Class presentation 1

Session 4: Minority rights in India: social, ethnic, religious marginalisation and the politics of group accommodation. Class presentation 2

Session 5: India’s foreign policy in a conflict-ridden neighbourhood. Class presentation 3

Session 6: Reconfiguring India after the liberal turn: political economy and the emergence of the Indian middle-class. Class presentation 4

Session 7: Challenges: the non-secular forces of the Hindutva. Class presentation 5

Session 8: The contested imaginary of a Nation: the Maoist insurgency and secessionist movements. Class presentation 6

Session 9: The rise of a plebeian democracy: caste politics in the 1990’s and the emergence of new political actors. Class presentation 7

Session 10: New social movements: a focus on peasant/tribal/environmental debates. Class presentation 8

Session 11: New social movements: Feminism and Gender Equality in India. Class presentation 9

Session 12: Which democratic model is India today? Social inequalities and capitalism. Conclusions, and class discussion on the research paper.

Compulsory readings

Students are expected to come prepared to the class. This involves reading one assigned reading per session(~10-30 pages). All the readings are contained in the reader made available to the students at the beginning of the semester.

Textbooks

This course relies on specialist readings, and therefore there is no single textbook which can substitute. However, for those who want a general introduction to contemporary Indian history, the best book by far is Ramachandra Guha, India After Gandhi: The History of the World’s Largest Democracy (2007) – and we do recommend this to those who don’t have any background knowledge of India. Other useful key references on the political history of India can be found on the next page:

  • Khilnani, Sunil, The Idea of India (New York, Farrah Sraus Giroux, 1999)
  • Niraja, Gopal (ed.), Democracy in India (Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2001)
  • Jenkins, Rob Democratic Politics and Economic Reform in India (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1999)
  • Ganguly, Sumit et al., The state of India’s Democracy (Baltimore and Washington, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007)
  • Drèze, Jean and Sen, Amartya, An Uncertain Glory: India and its Contradictions (New Delhi: Princeton University Press, 2013)
  • John, M.,Women’s Studies in India: A reader (Penguin India, 2008)
  • Jaffrelot, C. (ed.), India Since 1950 (New Delhi, Foundation Books, 2011).
  • Kohli, A. (ed.), The success of India’s democracy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2001).

Bibliography

All the references listed below are available on your Moodle. These readings are mainly intended as supporting material in order to help students to prepare their oral presentation and write academically informed final papers. We invite students to complement the list provided here through conducting a separate literature review, which will enable them to identify the relevant material for their presentation/final.

Class 1 (No Compulsory Reading)

Bose, Sugata, and Ayesha Jalal. 2004. Modern south Asia: History, culture, political economy, Psychology Press.

Nehru, Jawaharlal. 2004 [1946]. The discovery of India.London: Meridian. Chapter 3, The Quest

Nehru, Jawaharlal. 1947. Tryst with destiny, speech, accessible: https://archive.org/details/HindSwaraj-Speech-03-1

Ganguly, Sumit. 2017. India’s Democracy at 70: The Troublesome Security State. Journal of Democracy 28(3), 117-126. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Retrieved September 5, 2017, from Project MUSE database.

Jaffrelot, Christophe. 2017. India’s Democracy at 70: Toward a Hindu State?Journal of Democracy 28(3), 52-63. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Retrieved September 5, 2017, from Project MUSE database.

Mishra, Pankaj. 2017. India at 70, and the Passing of Another Illusion. The New York Times. Op-ed.

Mitra, Subrata. 2017. India’s Democracy at 70: Civil Society and Its Shadow. Journal of Democracy 28(3), 106-116. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Retrieved September 5, 2017, from Project MUSE database.

Ramanathan, Swati & Ramanathan, Ramesh. 2017. India’s Democracy at 70: The Impact of Instant Universal Suffrage. Journal of Democracy 28(3), 86-95. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Retrieved September 5, 2017, from Project MUSE database.

Sen, Ronojit. 2017. India’s Democracy at 70: The Disputed Role of the Courts. Journal of Democracy 28(3), 96-105. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Retrieved September 5, 2017, from Project MUSE database.

Sridharan, Eswaran. 2017. India’s Democracy at 70: The Shifting Party Balance. Journal of Democracy 28(3), 76-85. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Retrieved September 5, 2017, from Project MUSE database.

Tillin, Louise. 2017. India’s Democracy at 70: The Federalist Compromise. Journal of Democracy 28(3), 64-75. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Retrieved September 5, 2017, from Project MUSE database.

Varshney, Ashutosh. 2017. India’s Democracy at 70: Growth, Inequality, and Nationalism. Journal of Democracy 28(3), 41-51. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Retrieved September 5, 2017, from Project MUSE database.

Class 2

Core Reading Halperin, Sandra, and Oliver Heath. 2012. Political research: Methods and practical skills. Oxford University Press. Chapter 5: “Asking Questions:How to Find and Formulate Research Questions”, pp.101-126

Complementary Reading Edward, Said. 1978. Orientalism. New York: Pantheon: 80. Chapter 2 “Orientalist Structures and Restructures”, pp.31-110.

Class 3

Core Reading Niraja, Gopal (ed.), Democracy in India (Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2001): Introduction, ‘Situating Indian Democracy’:1-51

Complementary Reading Khilnani, Sunil, The Idea of India (New York, Farrah Sraus Giroux, 1999): chapter 1, ‘democracy’ pp15-61.Manor, James. 1990. How and why liberal and representative politics emerged in India. Political Studies 38 (1): 20-38.

 

Chiriyankandath, James. 1992. ‘Democracy’ under the Raj: Elections and separate representation in British India. Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics 30 (1): 39-63.

Guha, Ramachandra. 2011. India after Gandhi: The history of the world’s largest democracy. Pan Macmillan.

Jaffrelot, Christophe. 2008. “Why should we vote?”: The Indian middle class and the functioning of the world’s largest democracy. Patterns of Middle Class Consumption in India and China: 35-54.

———. 2007. Caste and the rise of marginalized groups. The State of India’s Democracy: 66-85.

Jaffrelot, Christophe, Romain Bertrand, Jean-Louis Briquet, and Peter Pels. 2007. Voting in India: Electoral symbols, the party system and the collective citizen. Cultures of Voting: The Hidden History of the Secret Ballot: 78-99.

Jaffrelot, Christophe, and Gilles Verniers. 2014. L’Inde face à l’épuisement de la démocratie parlementaire? Esprit (7): 75-87.

Krishna, Gopal. 1966. The development of the indian national congress as a mass organization, 1918–1923. The Journal of Asian Studies 25 (03): 413-30.

Lijphart, Arend. 1996. The puzzle of Indian democracy: A consociational interpretation. American Political Science Review: 258-68.

Sen, Amartya. 2005. The argumentative Indian: Writings on Indian culture, history and identity. New York, NY: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux.

Washbrook, David. 1997. The rhetoric of democracy and development in late colonial india. Nationalism, Democracy and Development: State and Politics in India: 36-49.

Weiner, Myron. 1965. Political integration and political development. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 358 (1): 52-64.

Wyatt, Andrew. 2009. Party system change in South India: Political entrepreneurs, patterns and processes. Routledge. Chapters 1 and 2.

Class 4

Core Reading Gayer, Laurent and Jaffrelot, Christophe, Muslims in Indian Cities: Trajectories of Marginalisation (London, Hurst, 2012): Introduction: Muslims of the Indian city: from centrality to marginality;Conclusion, ‘In Their Place: The Trajectories of Marginalisation of India’s Urban Muslims’ pp311-331

Complementary Reading Bajpai, Rochana. 2000. Constituent assembly debates and minority rights. Economic and Political Weekly: 1837-45. Shani, Ornit. 2010. Conceptions of citizenship in India and the ‘Muslim question’. Modern Asian Studies 44 (1): 145-73. Jelle J.P. Wouters& Tanka B. Subba (2013) The “Indian Face,” India’s Northeast, and “The Idea of India”, Asian Anthropology, 12:2, pp. 126-140.

Ahmad, Irfan. 2009. Islamism and democracy in India: The transformation of jamaat-e-islami. Princeton University Press. Chapter 1.

Ahmad, Irfan. 2009. “The Indian Jama’at at-I Islami reconsiders secular democracy” from Metcalf, B.D (Ed.), Islam in South Asia in practice. Princeton, N.J.; Princeton University Press, pp.447-455.

Ahmad, Irfan. 2012. Theorizing Islamism and democracy: Jamaat-e-Islami in India. Citizenship Studies, 16(7), 887-903.

Ahmed, Imtiaz. 1973. Introduction. In: Ahmed, I (Ed), Caste and social stratification among the Muslims. Delhi: Manohar Book Service: xvii-xxxiv.

Ahmad, Imtiaz. 2007. “Can there be a category called Dalit Muslims?.” Studies In Inequality And Social Justice 2007: 64.

Akbar, M. J. 1988. A Split-level War in Jamshedpur, from Riot after riot: reports on caste and communal violence in India. New Delhi, India: Penguin Books, pp.15-32.

Anshuman Behera (2013): The Students Islamic Movement of India: The Story So Far, Journal ofDefence Studies, Vol-7, Issue-1.pp- 213-228

Bajpai, Rochana. 2000. Constituent assembly debates and minority rights. Economic and Political Weekly: 1837-45.

Barlas, Asma. 1995. Colonial Muslim Politics: democracy, nationalism, and communalism, from Democracy, nationalism and communalism: the colonial legacy in South Asia. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, pp.143-191.

Basant, Rakesh and Shariff, Abusaleh. 2010. The state of the Muslims in India: an overview. In: Basant, R & Shariff, A (Ed), Handbook of Muslims in India: empirical and policy perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.1-23.

Bhargava, Rajeev. 2007. On the Persistent Political Under-Representation of Muslims in India. Law & Ethics of Human Rights, 1(1), 76-133.

Blom, Amelie. (2009). A patron-client perspective on militia-state relations: The case of the Hizb-ul-Mujahidin of Kashmir. In: L. Gayer &Jaffrelot (Eds.), Armed militias of South Asia: fundamentalists, Maoists and separatists. London: Hurst & Company, pp.135-156.

Brass, Paul. 1979. Elite groups, symbol manipulation and ethnic identity among the Muslims of South Asia. In: Taylor, D & Yapp, M. (Ed), Political Identity in South Asia. London: Curzon Press, pp.35-77.

Brass, Paul. 2003. Introduction: Explaining Communal Violence from The production of Hindu-Muslim violence in contemporary India. Seattle: Wash, University of Washington Press, pp.5-39.

Caroll, Lucy. 1992. ‘Nizam-I-Islam: Process and conflicts in Pakistan programme of Islamisation, with special reference to the position of women’, from The Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, 20:1, pp.57-95.

Chhibber, Pradeep and John R. Petrocik. 1989. The puzzle of Indian politics: Social cleavages and the indian party system. British Journal of Political Science 19 (02): 191-210.

Chhibber, Pradeep and Jasjeet S. Sekhon. 2014. The Asymmetric Role of Religious Appeals in India.

Euben, Roxanne and Zaman, Muhammad (Eds.). 2009. Princeton readings in Islamist thought: texts and contexts from al-Banna to Bin Laden. Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp.79-85. Chapter 3 SayyidAbu’l-a’laMawdudi.

Ewing, Katherine. 1983. The politics of Sufism: redefining the saints of Pakistan. The Journal of Asian Studies, 42(2), 251-268.

Gaborieau, M. 2004. Islam and politics. In C. Jaffrelot (Ed.), A history of Pakistan and its origins. London: Anthem pp.237-251.

Ghosh, Srikanta. 1987. Anatomy of Hindu-Muslim riots, form Communal riots in India: meet the challenge unitedly. New Delhi: Ashish Pub. House, pp.27-49.

Grare, Frédéric. 2007. The evolution of sectarian conflicts in Pakistan and the ever-changing face of Islamic violence. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, 30(1), 127-143.

Hardy, P. 1972. Muslim come to terms with British India as Muslims, from The Muslim of British India. London: Cambridge University Press, pp.92-115.

Haroon, Sana. 2007. “Epilogue: Islamists and the utility of autonomous space: from the Afghan Jihad to Al-Qaeda” from Frontied of faith: Islam in the Indo-Aghan borderland. New York; Columbia University Press: 197-216.

Hasan, Mushirul. 1975. Some aspects of the problems of Muslim social reform. In: Imam, Z (Ed), Muslims in India. New Delhi: Orient Longman, pp.217-230.

Hasan, Zoya. 2009. Muslim Backwardness and the Elusive Promise of Affirmative Action, from Politics on inclusion: castes, minorities, and affirmative action. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.159-195.

Hasan, Zoya, and R. Sudarshan. 2010. Political parties in PranabhMheta ed., Companion to Indian Politics in India, Oxford University Press.

Hilalm, Ahmed. 2009. Muslims as a political community. Seminar, Vol. 602.

Jaffrelot, Christophe. 2011. “Chapter XXVI: The Muslims of India: Towards marginalization?” from Jaffrelot, Christophe. (Ed)., India Since 1950: Society, Politics, Economy and Culture pp.564-580. New Delhi: Yatra Books

———. 2007. The 2002 Pogrom in Gujarat: The Post-9/11 Face of Hindu nationalist Anti-Muslim Violence. In: Hinnells, J and King, R (Eds), Religion and violence in South Asia: theory and practice. London: Routledge, pp.173-192.

Jaffrelot, Christophe, Virginie Dutoya, Radhika Kanchana, and Gayatri Rathore. 2009. Understanding Muslim voter behaviour. Seminar, Vol. 602.

Jalal, Ayesha. 1990. State and society in the balance: Islam as ideology and culture, from The state of martial rule: the origins of Pakistan’s political economy of defence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.277-294.

Jones, Kenneth. 1989. [Extract from] The Gangeric Core Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, from Socio-religious reform movements in British India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 48-72.

Kennedy, Charles. 1990. Islamization and legal reform in Pakistan, 1979-1989. Pacific affairs, 62-77.

Kothari, Rajni. 1964. The congress ‘system’ in India. Asian Survey: 1161-73.

Kakar, Sudhir. 1990. Some Unconscious Aspects of Ethnic Violence in India. In: Das, V. (Ed), Mirrors of violence: communities, riots and survivors in South Asia. Delhi: Oxford University Press, pp.135-145.

Lahore, Vanguard. 1986. The historical debate of Islam and the state in South Asia. In: Weiss, A. (Ed), Islamic reassertion in Pakistan: the application of Islamic laws in a modern state. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, pp.1-20.

Misra, Ranganath, et al. “Report of the National Commission for Religious and Linguistic Minorities.” Report submitted to the Ministry of Minority Affairs, New Delhi (2007).

Nasr, S.V.R. 2002. “Islam, the State and the rise of sectarian militancy in Pakistan” inJaffrelot, Christophe, Pakistan: nationalism without a nation, pp.85-114, London: Zed Books.

Osella, Filippo, and Caroline Osella. 2013. Islamic reform in south Asia. Cambridge University Press.

Page, D. 1987. The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms and the changing structure of politics, from Prelude to Partition: The Indian Muslims and the Imprerial system control, 1920-1932. Oxford University Press, pp.30-72.

Qadeer, Mohammad. 2006. Islam and social life, from Pakistan: social and cultural transformations in a Muslim nation. London: Routledge, pp.154-188.

Robinson, Francis. 2009. Crisis of authority: Crisis of Islam?.Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 19(3), 339-354.

Terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir in theory and practice Praveen Swami

Sachar, Hamid, S., Oommen, T. K., Basith, M. A., Basant, R., Majeed, A., & Shariff, A. (2006). Social, economic and educational status of the Muslim community of India (No. 22136). East Asian Bureau of Economic Research.

Samad, Y. 1995. A bried moment of political unity: mass nationalism and communal riots, 1945-47, from A nation in turmoil: nationalism and ethnicity in Pakistan, 1937-1958. New Delhi: Sage in association with the Book Review Literacy Trust, pp.90-125.

Shani, Ornit. 2010. Conceptions of citizenship in India and the ‘Muslim question’. Modern Asian Studies 44 (1): 145-73.

Sikand, Yōgīndar. 2003. Islamist assertion in contemporary India: The case of the students Islamic movement of India. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 23(2), 335-345.

Sikand, Yōgīndar. 2006. “Intra-Muslim sectarian rivalries and the ‘Ulama’ and ‘Shi’a-Sunni relations: Some reflections” from Sikand, Y, Muslim in India: contemporary social and political discourse. Gurgaon: Hope India Publications, pp.148-175.

Sikand, Yōgīndar. 2004. Islamic perspectives on liberation and dialogue: Muslim writings in Dalit Voice, from Muslims in India since 1947: Islamic perspectives of inter-faith relations. London: RoutledgeCurzon, pp.93-108.

Sikand, Yōgīndar. “Stoking the flames: intra-Muslim rivalries in India and the Saudi connection.” Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 27.1 (2007): 95-108.

Singh, Anita Inder. 1988. The Congress and the Hindu-Muslim problem, 1920-1947. In: D.A. Low (Ed.), The Indian National Congress: centenary hindsight. Delhi: Oxford University Press, pp.188-206.

Susewind, Raphael. 2017. Muslims in Indian cities: Degrees of segregation and the elusive ghetto. Environment and Planning An Development 33 (4): 47-77.

Weiner, Myron. 2000. India’s minorities: Who are they? what do they want? State and Politics in India: 461.

Zahab, Abou. 2002. The regional dimension of sectarian conflicts in Pakistan. In: Jaffrelot, C., Pakistan: nationalism without a nation. London: Zed Books, pp.115-128.

Zaman, MuhammadQasim. 1999. Religious education and the rhetoric of reform: The madrasa in British India and Pakistan. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 41(2), 294-323.

Zaman, MuhammadQasim. 1998. Sectarianism in Pakistan: The Radicalization of Shi ‘i and Sunni Identities. Modern Asian Studies, 32(3), 689-716.

Class 5

Core Reading Guha, Ramachandra. 2011. India after Gandhi: The history of the world’s largest democracy. Pan Macmillan – Chapter 4: “A Valley Bloody and Beutiful” – Chapter 12: “Securing Kashmir” – Chapter 15: “The Experience of Defeat”.

Complementary Readings Dahiya, Rumel, Behuria, Ashok K., India’s Neighborhood, Challenges in the Next Two Decades (New Delhi: IDSA), 2012.

Ganguly, Sumit. 1996. Explaining the Kashmir insurgency:Political mobilization and institutional decay. International Security 21 (2): 76-107. Peer Basharat, Kashmir’s Forever War (Granta 112, Pakistan, Essays & Memoir, September 2010) Accessible here :https://granta.com/kashmirs-forever-war/

Ankit, Rakesh. 2013. Britain and Kashmir, 1948: “The arena of the UN”. Diplomacy & Statecraft 24 (2): 273-90.

Chaudhuri, R. 2014. Forged in crisis: India and the United States since 1947. Oxford University Press.

———. 2013. Great Britain and Kashmir, 1947–49. India Review 12 (1): 20-40.

Ganguly, Šumit. 1996. Explaining the Kashmir insurgency: Political mobilization and institutional decay. International Security 21 (2): 76-107.

Kabir, Ananya Jahanara. 2009. Territory of desire: Representing the valley of Kashmir. U of Minnesota Press.

Lone, Fozia Nazir. 2009. From ‘Sale to accession deed’–scanning the historiography of Kashmir 1846–1947. History Compass 7 (6): 1496-508.

Mitra, Subrata K. 1997. Nehru’s policy towards Kashmir: Bringing politics back in again 1. Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics 35 (2): 55-74.

Peer, Basharat. 2010. Kashmir’s forever war’. Granta112 : 69-87.

Zutshi, Chitralekha. 2012. Whither Kashmir studies?: A review. Modern Asian Studies 46 (4): 1033-48.

———. 2010. Rethinking Kashmir’s history from a borderlands perspective. History Compass 8 (7): 594-608.

 

Class 6

Core Reading Jenkins, Rob Democratic Politics and Economic Reform in India (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1999): chapter 2, ‘The Evolution of Economic Reform in India’ pp12-42.

Complementary Reading Tillin, Louise, Remapping India: New States and Their Political Origins (London, Hurst, 2013): chapter 3, ‘Social Movements, Political Parties and Statehood: Jharkhand and Uttarakhand’ pp67-109. Jaffrelot, Christophe, and Peter van der Veer. 2008. Patterns of middle class consumption in India and China. SAGE Publications India.

 

Attitudes, anxieties and aspirations of India’s youth: Changing patterns. 2017. New Delhi: Centre for the Study Developing Societies and the Konrad Adenauer Stiftung.

Ahmed, Sadiq, and Ashutosh Varshney. 2008. Battles half won: Political economy of india’s growth and economic policy since independence.

Alden, Chris, and Marco Antonio Vieira. 2005. The new diplomacy of the south: South africa, brazil, India and trilateralism. Third World Quarterly 26 (7): 1077-95.

Banerjee, Mukulika. 2015. Why India votes? Routledge.

Jaffrelot, Christophe. 2003. India’s look east policy: An asianist strategy in perspective. India Review 2 (2): 35-68.

Jaffrelot, Christophe, and Peter van der Veer. 2008. Patterns of middle class consumption in India and China. SAGE Publications India.

Jenkins, Rob. 2003. India’s states and the making of foreign economic policy: The limits of the constituent diplomacy paradigm. Publius: The Journal of Federalism 33 (4): 63-82.

———. 1999. Democratic politics and economic reform in india. Vol. 5Cambridge University Press.

Krishna, Anirudh. 2002. Active social capital: Tracing the roots of development and democracy. Columbia University Press.

Luce, Edward. 2010. In spite of the gods: The rise of modern India. Anchor.

Mehta, Pratap Bhanu. 2009. Still under nehru’s shadow? the absence of foreign policy frameworks in India. India Review 8 (3): 209-33.

Naseemullah, Adnan. 2016. Development after Statism. Cambridge University Press.

Rana, Kishan S. 2004. Economic diplomacy in India: A practitioner perspective. International Studies Perspectives 5 (1): 66-70. Chapter 3.

Rudolph, Lloyd I., and Susanne Hoeber Rudolph. 2001. Iconisation of Chandrababu: Sharing sovereignty in india’s federal market economy. Economic and Political Weekly: 1541-52.

Sikri, Rajiv. 2009. India’s “Look east” policy. Asia-Pacific Review 16 (1): 131-45.

Class 7

Core Reading 2009. Hindu nationalism: A reader. Princeton University Press. Introduction/Chapter 1

Complementary Reading Hansen, T. B. 1999. The saffron wave: Democracy and hindu nationalism in modern India. Princeton University Press. Chapter 1

 

Brass, Paul. 1979. Elite groups, symbol manipulation and ethnic identity among the Muslims of South Asia in Taylor, D. & Yapp, M. eds, Political identity in South Asia. London, Curzon Press: 35-77.

Brass, Paul. 2003. The production of Hindu-Muslim violence in contemporary India. University of Washington Press, Chapter 1, Introduction: Explaining communal violence.

Chatterjee, Partha. 1986. Nationalist thought and the colonial world: A derivative discourse. Zed Books.

Chaturvedi, Samjay. 2002. “Representing Post-colonial India, Inclusive/Exclusive Geopolitical Imaginations” in David Atkinson, Klaus Dodds, Geopolitical Traditions: Critical Histories of a Century of Geopolitical Thought, Routledge, London:211-267.

Dusche, Michael. 2010. Identity politics in India and Europe. SAGE Publications India.

Fuller, C. J., and Veronique Benei. 2009. The everyday state and society in modern India. Social Science Press.

Gould, William. 2004. Hindu nationalism and the language of politics in late colonial India (Vol. 11). Cambridge University Press.

Hansen, ThomasBlom.2001. Wages of violence: naming and identity in postcolonial Bombay. Princeton University Press. Chapter 1 & 2.

———. 2004. The politics of cultural mobilization in India in Zavos, J., Wyatt, A., & Hewitt, V. M. (Eds.). The politics of cultural mobilization in India. Oxford University Press, USA.

Jaffrelot, Christophe. 2000. Hindu nationalism and democracy. Transforming India in Francine R. Frankel, Zoya Hasan, Rajeev Bhargava, Balveer Arora eds., Social and Political Dynamics of Democracy, New Delhi: 353-78.

———. 2001. Guru et politique enInde. Des éminencesgrises à visage découvert?,Politix, (2), 75-94.

———. 2007. The 2002 pogrom in Gujarat: The post-9/11 face of Hindu nationalist anti-Muslim violence. In John Hinnells and Richard King eds., Religion and Violence in South Asia: Theory and Practice, New York: Routledge.

———. 2007. The Hindu nationalist reinterpretation of pilgrimage in India: the limits of Yatra politics. Nations and Nationalism, 15(1), 1-19.

———. 2017. The Roots and Varieties of Political Conservatism in India. Studies in Indian Politics, 2321023017727968.

———. 2017. “The Congress in Gujarat (1917–1969): Conservative Face of a Progressive Party.” Studies in Indian Politics.

Jaffrelot, Christophe, &Therwath, Ingrid. 2007. The Sangh Parivar and the Hindu Diaspora in the West: What kind of “long-distance nationalism”?.International Political Sociology, 1(3), 278-295.

Nandy, Ashish. 1994. The Illegitimacy of Nationalism: Rabindranath Tagore and the Politics of Self (Oxford India.

Pai, Anant. 2010. Valmiki’s Ramayana. New Delhi: Amar Chitra Katha.

Reddy, Deepa 2011. Hindutva: Formative Assertions. Religion Compass, 5(8), 439-451.

———. 2011. Capturing Hindutva: Rhetorics and Strategies. Religion Compass, 5(8), 427-438.

———. 2011. Hindutva as praxis. Religion Compass, 5(8), 412-426.

Sethi, Aman. “Love Jihad.” India and One Man’s Quest to Prevent It.Granta 130: IndiaEssays & Memoir 11th March 2015.

Syllabus on Sedition. The Wire [https://thewire.in/23684/a-syllabus-on-sedition/]

Thachil, Tariq. 2014. Elite parties, poor voters: How social services win votes in India. Cambridge University Press. Chapter 2.

Thapar, Romila. 1989. Imagined religious communities? Ancient history and the modern search for a Hindu identity. Modern Asian Studies 23 (02): 209-31.

Udupa, Sahana. 2017. Gaali cultures: The politics of abusive exchange on social media. New Media & Society, 1461444817698776.

Class 8

Core Reading Shah, Alpa. 2013. The intimacy of insurgency: Beyond coercion, greed or grievance in Maoist India. Economy and Society 42 (3): 480-506.

Complementary Reading Shah, Alpa. 2010. In the shadows of the state: Indigenous politics, environmentalism, and insurgency in jharkhand, India. Duke University Press. Chapters 1 and 3

 

Banerjee, Sumanta. 2015. 11 revolutionary movements in a post-Marxian era. Marxism: With and Beyond Marx. Zed Press, London.

———. 2010. Mediating between violence and non-violence in the discourse of protest. Economic and Political Weekly: 35-40.

———. 2009. Critiquing the programme of action of the Maoists. Economic and Political Weekly: 75-7.

———. 2008. On the Naxalite movement: A report with a difference. Economic and Political Weekly: 10-2.

Basu, Deepankar, and Debarshi Das. 2013. The Maoist movement in India: Some political economy considerations. Journal of Agrarian Change 13 (3): 365-81.

Dasgupta, Rajarshi. The ascetic modality: Critique of communist self-fashioning. In Nivedita Menon ed., Critical studies in politics.

———. 2005. Rhyming revolution: Marxism and culture in colonial bengal. Studies in History 21 (1): 79-98.

Gayer, Laurent. 2012. ‘Princesses’ among the ‘lions’: The militant careers of Sikh female fighters. Sikh Formations 8 (1): 1-19.

Guha, Ramachandra. 2013. Democracy and violence, in India and beyond. Juncture 20 (1): 40-50.

Harriss, John. 2011. What is going on in India’s “red corridor”? questions about India’s Maoist insurgency. Pacific Affairs 84 (2): 309-27.

Jaffrelot, Christophe. 2011. L’etat face au défi maoïste en inde. Etudes Du CERI (175):1-38.

Jaoul, Nicolas. 2011. Manju Devi’s martyrdom Marxist-leninist politics and the rural poor in Bihar. Contributions to Indian Sociology 45 (3): 347-71.

Kennedy, Jonathan, and Sunil Purushotham. 2012. Beyond Naxalbari: A comparative analysis of Maoist insurgency and counterinsurgency in independent India. Comparative Studies in Society and History 54 (04): 832-62.

Khanna, Gaurav, and Laura Zimmermann. 2017. Guns and butter? fighting violence with the promise of development. Journal of Development Economics 124: 120-41.

Kunnath, George J. 2009. Smouldering Dalit fires in Bihar, India. Dialectical Anthropology 33 (3-4): 309.

———. 2006. Becoming a Naxalite in rural Bihar: Class struggle and its contradictions. The Journal of Peasant Studies 33 (1): 89-123.

Lerche, Jens, Alpa Shah, and Barbara Harriss‐White. 2013. Introduction: Agrarian questions and left politics in India. Journal of Agrarian Change 13 (3): 337-50.

Miklian, Jason. 2012. The political ecology of war in Maoist India. Politics, Religion & Ideology 13 (4): 561-76.

Ramana, PV. 2009. A critical evaluation of the union government’s response to the Maoist challenge. Strategic Analysis 33 (5): 745-59.

Roy, Mallarika Sinha. 2009. Magic moments of struggle: Women’s memory of the Naxalbari movement in West Bengal, India (1967–75). Indian Journal of Gender Studies 16 (2): 205-32.

———. 2009. Magic moments of struggle: Women’s memory of the Naxalbari movement in West Bengal, India (1967–75). Indian Journal of Gender Studies 16 (2): 205-32.

Roy, Srila. 2008. The grey zone: The ‘ordinary’violence of extraordinary times. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 14 (2): 316-33.

Shah, Alpa. 2009. In search of certainty in revolutionary India. Dialectical Anthropology 33 (3-4): 271-86.

Spivak, GayatriChakravorty. 1988. Can the subaltern speak?In Cary Nelson and Lawrence Grossberg, Marxism and the interpretation of culture, University of Illinois Press: Urbana and Chicago

Class 9

Core Reading Jaffrelot, Christophe. 2000. Sanskritization vs. Ethnicization in India: Changing indentities and caste politics before Mandal. Asian Survey 40 (5): 756-66.

Complementary Reading Jeffrey, Craig, Patricia Jeffery, and Roger Jeffery. 2008. Dalit revolution? new politicians in Uttar Pradesh, India. The Journal of Asian Studies 67 (04): 1365-96.

Appadurai, Arjun. 2006. Fear of small numbers: An essay on the geography of anger. Duke University Press.

———. 1986. Is homo hierarchicus? American Ethnologist 13 (4): 745-61.

Bayly, Susan. 2001. Caste, society and politics in India from the eighteenth century to the modern age. Vol. 3. Cambridge University Press.

Chandra, Kanchan. 2005. Ethnic parties and democratic stability. Perspectives on Politics 3 (02): 235-52.

———. 2000. The transformation of ethnic politics in india: The decline of congress and the rise of the BahujanSamaj Party in Hoshiarpur. Journal of Asian Studies: 26-61.

Chatterjee, Partha. 1993. The nation and its fragments: Colonial and postcolonial histories. Vol. 11Princeton University Press Princeton, NJ.

Dirks, Nicholas B. 2011. Castes of mind: Colonialism and the making of modern India. Princeton University Press.

Jaffrelot, Christophe. 2007. Caste and the rise of marginalized groups. The State of India’s Democracy: 66-85.

Kothari, Rajni, and Rushikesh Maru. 2004. Federating for political interests: The kshatriyas of Gujarat. Caste and Democratic Politics in India: 234.

Omvedt, Gail. 1971. Jotiraophule and the ideology of social revolution in India. Economic and Political Weekly: 1969-79.

Palshikar, Suhas, and Yogendra Yadav. 2003. From hegemony to convergence: Party system and electoral politics in the indian states, 1952-2002. Journal of Indian Institute of Political Economy15 : 1-2.

Pande, Rohini. 2003. Can mandated political representation increase policy influence for disadvantaged minorities? theory and evidence from India. The American Economic Review 93 (4): 1132-51.

Ram, Mohan. 1974. Ramaswami Naicker and the dravidian movement. Economic and Political Weekly: 217-24.

Sisson, Richard. 1988. Congress and Indian nationalism: The pre-independence phase. Univ of California Press.

Teltumbde, Anand. March 2017. End of the Dalit chimera. Economic and Political Weekly 52 (12).

Yadav, Yogendra. 1999. Electoral politics in the time of change: India’s third electoral system, 1989-99. Economic and Political Weekly: 2393-9.

Ziegfeld, Adam. 2012. Coalition government and party system change: Explaining the rise of regional political parties in India. Comparative Politics 45 (1): 69-87.

Class 10

Core Reading Jayal, N. G. (2013). Citizenship and its discontents: An Indian history. Harvard University Press. Chapter 1

Complementary Reading Shah, Ghanshyam. Social movements in India: A review of literature. SAGE Publications India, 2004. Chapters 1-5.

Ahuja, Amit, Susan L. Ostermann, and Aashish Mehta. 2016. Is only fair lovely in Indian politics? consequences of skin color in a survey experiment in Delhi. The Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics: 1-26.

Banerjee, Mukulika. 2010. Leadership and political work. Power and Influence in India: Bosses, Lords and Captains5 : 20.

De Bercegol, Rémi. 2010. Etat des savoirs sur la ville en Inde: De la recherche aux politiques urbaines, des petites villesa l’ombre des plus grandes. Paper presented at 11th N-AERUS Conference “Assessing And Exploring The State Of Urban Knowledge: Its Production, Use, And Dissemination In Cities Of The South”, .

Drèze, Jean, and Amartya Sen. 2013. An uncertain glory: India and its contradictions. Princeton University Press.

Kapila, Kriti. “Conjugating marriage: State legislation and Gaddi kinship.” Contributions to Indian sociology 38.3 (2004): 379-409.

Kaviraj, Sudipta. 2010. The imaginary institution of India: politics and ideas. Columbia University Press.

Kohli, Atul. 2012. Poverty amid plenty in the new India. Cambridge University Press.

Krishna, Anirudh. 2009. Why don’t ‘the poor’make common cause? the importance of subgroups. The Journal of Development Studies 45 (6): 947-65.

———. 2003. What is happening to caste? A view from some north Indian villages. The Journal of Asian Studies 62 (04): 1171-93.

Menon, N., & Nigam, A. 2007. Power and contestation: India since 1989. Zed Books.

Narula, S. 2008. The story of Narmada BachaoAndolan: human rights in the global economy and the struggle against the World Bank.

Nilsen, Alf Gunvald. 2012. Adivasis in and against the state: Subaltern politics and state power in contemporary India. Critical Asian Studies 44 (2): 251-82.

Padel, F., & Das, S. 2010. Out of this earth: East India Adivasis and the aluminium cartel. New Delhi: Orient Blackswan.

Thachil, Tariq, and Emmanuel Teitelbaum. 2015. Ethnic parties and public spending new theory and evidence from the indian states. Comparative Political Studies: 0010414015576743.

Class 11

Core Reading John, Mary E. 2008. Women’s studies in India: A reader. Penguin Books. Chapter 1

Complementary Reading Shah, Ghanshyam. Social movements in India: A review of literature. SAGE Publications India, 2004. Chapter 6.

Alston, Margaret. 2014. Women, political struggles and gender equality in South Asia. Springer.

Basu, Amrita, and Amrita Basu. 2011. Women’s movements in the global era Westview Press, New York.

Butalia, U. (2000). The other side of silence: Voices from the partition of India. Duke University Press.

Chaudhuri, Maitrayee. 2004. Feminism in India: Issues in contemporary feminism. New Delhi, Kali for Women.

Kishor, Sunita, and Kamla Gupta. 2009. Gender equality and womens empowerment in India. national family health survey (NFHS-3) india 2005-06.

Class 12

Core Reading Jeffrey, Craig, and Stephen Young. 2012. Waiting for change: Youth, caste and politics in India. Economy and Society 41 (4): 638-61.

Complementary Reading Lukose, Ritty A. 2009. Liberalization’s children: Gender, youth, and consumer citizenship in globalizing India. Duke University Press.

Ambedkar, Bhimrao Ramji. 2014. Annihilation of caste: The annotated critical edition. Verso Books.

Anjaria, Jonathan Shapiro. 2011. Ordinary states: Everyday corruption and the politics of space in Mumbai. American Ethnologist 38 (1): 58-72.

Berenschot, Ward. 2011. The spatial distribution of riots: Patronage and the instigation of communal violence in gujarat, India. World Development 39 (2): 221-30.

Corbridge, Stuart, NikhilaKalra, and Kayoko Tatsumi. 2012. The search for order: Understanding Hindu-Muslim violence in post-partition India. Pacific Affairs 85 (2): 287-311.

Guha, Ramachandra. 2000. The unquiet woods: Ecological change and peasant resistance in the Himalaya. Univ of California Press.

Guha, R. (1997). Dominance without hegemony: History and power in colonial India. Harvard University Press. Introduction

Guha, Ranajit. 1997. Subaltern studies: Writings on South Asian history and society. Vol. 9Oxford University Press.

Guha, Ranajit. 1999. Elementary aspects of peasant insurgency in colonial India. Duke University Press.

Jauregui, Beatrice. 2013. Beatings, beacons, and big men: Police disempowerment and delegitimation in India. Law & Social Inquiry 38 (3): 643-69.

Jeffrey, Craig. 2010. Timepass: Youth, class, and the politics of waiting in indiaStanford University Press.

Jeffrey, Craig, and Stephen Young. 2012. Waiting for change: Youth, caste and politics in India. Economy and Society 41 (4): 638-61.

Lukose, Ritty. 2012. Empty citizenship: Protesting politics in the era of globalization. Cultural Anthropology 20 (4): 506-33.

Lukose, Ritty A. 2009. Liberalization’s children: Gender, youth, and consumer citizenship in globalizing India. Duke University Press.

Michelutti, Lucia, and Oliver Heath. 2013. The politics of entitlement: Affirmative action and strategic voting in Uttar Pradesh, India. Focaal 2013 (65): 56-67.

Nilsen, Alf Gunvald. 2012. Adivasis in and against the state: Subaltern politics and state power in contemporary India. Critical Asian Studies 44 (2): 251-82.

Sahoo, Sarbeswar. 2013. Doing development or creating dependency? NGOs and civil society in india. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies 36 (2): 258-72.

Shah, Ghanshyam. 2004. Social movements in India: A review of literature. SAGE Publications India.